How Does the Internet Work?
1. what is the internet?
The Internet is a global network of computers. Every computer that is connected to the Internet is considered a part of that network. This means even your home computer. It's all a matter of degrees, you connect to your ISP's network, then your ISP connects to a larger network and so on.
At the top of the tree is the high-capacity backbones, all of these interconnect at 'Network Access Points' 'NAPs' at important regions around the world. The entire Internet is based on agreements between these backbone providers who set in place all the fibre optics lines and other technical aspects of the Internet.
Sourch
2. What is Internet protocol? ( IP address)
The Internet Protocol (IP) is the principal communications protocol used for relaying datagrams (packets) across an internetwork using the Internet Protocol Suite. Responsible for routing packets across network boundaries, it is the primary protocol that establishes the Internet.
IP is the primary protocol in the Internet Layer of the Internet Protocol Suite and has the task of delivering datagrams from the source host to the destination host solely based on their addresses For this purpose, IP defines addressing methods and structures for datagram encapsulation
Sourch
3. what is the OSI model?
Layer 1: Physical Layer
Layer 2: Data Link Layer
Layer 3: Network Layer
Layer 4: Transport Layer
Layer 5: Session Layer
Layer 6: Presentation Layer
Layer 7: Application Layer
4. what is Internet Infrastructure?
First of all, let me define what I mean by ‘Internet Infrastructure’. All the hardware and services required to make this web page appear in your browser, or an RSS feed download into your reader, or VOIP calls / emails get to your desktop. All the underlying technologies that are unseen, but ‘make the Internet go’.
I see Internet Infrastructure consisting of a ‘Top 5′ areas :
- Data Centres
- Network Connectivity
- Computer Equipment
- Storage Services
- Server Applications
Data Centre
A Data Centre is basically a specialist building that has the ability to power (and cool) massive amounts of computer equipment
Network
Possibly to most important foundation block of Internet Infrastructure is the Network.
Computer Equipment
Now that the two basics of Internet Infrastructure are in place – the ability to power your equipment, and the ability to connect it to the Internet, the next thing is the computer hardware that uses this to process and store the applications and data.
Storage Services
Data Storage is a huge part of Internet Infrastructure. All those emails accessible online, all the web pages on your favourite web site, all those photos on Facebook … are all stored on a hard drive in a DC somewhere.
Server Applications
The final piece of underlying Internet Infrastructure is the server applications themselves.
Further Information
This post is only scratching the surface and (hopefully!) providing a very basic overview of what Internet Infrastructure constitutes.
Sourch
5. what is domain names?
A name that identifies one or more
IP addresses. For example, the domain name
microsoft.com represents about a dozen IP addresses.
Domain names are used in URLs to identify particular Web pages. For example, in the URL
http://www.pcwebopedia.com/index.html, the domain name is
pcwebopedia.com. Every
domain name has a suffix that indicates which top level domain (TLD) it belongs to. There are only a limited number of such
domains. For example:
6. what is world wide web? And its service?
World Wide Web
The
World Wide Web, abbreviated as
WWW and commonly known as
the Web, is a system of interlinked hypertext documents accessed via the Internet. With a web browser, one can view web pages that may contain text, images, videos, and other multimedia and navigate between them by using hyperlinks. Using concepts from earlier hypertext systems, English engineer and computer scientist Sir Tim Berners-Lee, now the Director of the World Wide Web Consortium, wrote a proposal in March 1989 for what would eventually become the World Wide Web.
At CERN in Geneva, Switzerland, Berners-Lee and Belgian computer scientist Robert Cailliau proposed in 1990 to use "HyperText [...] to link and access information of various kinds as a web of nodes in which the user can browse at will",
and publicly introduced the project in December.
Sourch
7. How many Internet user in Thailand?
How many Internet users in Thailand?
In Internet Use in Thailand, Poonsri Vate-U-Lan from Srinakharinwirot University in Bangkok, quotes a household survey carried out in March-June 2003 by two public institutions: NECTEC and NSTDA (see, Internet Information Research Centre, Thailand). The survey shows a steady increase in the number of Internet users, of approximately 30% per year:
- 2003 = 9.56% of total population (approx. 63 M)
- 2002 = 7.38%
- 2001 = 5.64%
Internet vs. telephony
According to the ITU Asia-Pacific Telecommunications Indicators 2003, Thailand has a broad telephone subscribers base:
- fixed-lines subscribers are close to 32 M, corresponding to nearly 50% of the total population
- mobile subscribers are nearly 25 M, or 40% of the population
On the contrary, the Internet users and subscribers base is much narrower. Internet users are close to 7 M, or 11% of the population. Internet subscribers are 2.5 M , of whom 45.000, or 1.9% have a broadband connection.
Internet adoption in South-East Asia
Drawing from Nua Internet Surveys (2003) in the region, Poonsri Vate-U-Lan positions Thailand in the middle range among South-East Asian countries.
High adoption rate
Singapore at 51.48%
Malaysia at 25.15%
Medium adoption rate
Thailand between 9.5 and 11%
Brunei at 9.97%
Philippines at 7.77%
Low and very low adoption rate
Indonesia at 1.93%
Vietnam at 0.49%
Laos at 0.17%
Cambodia at 0.08%
Myanmar = 0.02%
Further analysis of this data shows that the country's per capita income appears to be the best economic predictor of Internet adoption (e.g. Thailand GDP 2.044 $ - Indonesia 860$, source ITU report cited above).
Who are Internet users in Thailand?
They are young: more than half are 20-29 years old (53.2% in 2002) ; followed by 30-39 (above 20%) and 10-19 (below 20%).
They live in the Bangkok region (62.6%) or in other urban areas (21.8%).
They have high education: University graduate (62.3%) and High school (16.7%).
Over the years, women are becoming more numerous among Internet users than men (53.4% in 2002, 51.2% in 2001, 49.2% in 2000).
They access the Internet from multiple points: home (46.7%); office (31.6%); school (13.7%) and Internet cafes (7.5%). And most of them (83.2%) own a PC.
Note: the data above come from NECTEC annual online survey, which started in 1999. Internet users are invited to take the survey by an advertising banner embedded in various popular websites. As such it suffers from self-selection bias and should be taken as an interesting description rather than an accurate representation of the Internet users community in Thailand.
Two interesting articles to know more about Internet in Thailand are :
Bridging the Digital Divide: a case study of CATNET Nationwide Internet kiosks, by Rattanawan Rattakul. At the end of 2002, Thailand had deployed 1400 public Internet access points. A survey was carried out to know who used these Internet access points, how and for what uses.
A critical analysis of the adoption and utilization of the Internet in Thailand for educational purposes, by Noppadol Prammanee retraces the story of the development of the Internet in Thailand and gives a view on the local government Internet policies and initiatives.
Sourch
